Healing Societal Issues Through Transcendentalism - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1809 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/07/01 Category Philosophy Essay Level High school Topics: Transcendentalism Essay Did you like this example? In the late eighteenth century, romanticism swept through Europe and eventually the rest of the world, which ultimately played a key factor in influencing the philosophical movement known as transcendentalism that was created in the United States. Transcendentalism brought numerous new ideas and beliefs to the world that were extremely significant in helping men and women of all races stand up for their rights and freedom. All throughout history and even to this day, we see examples of transcendentalist beliefs used to battle the societal issues of the time. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Healing Societal Issues Through Transcendentalism" essay for you Create order Many societies in the past and modern day contain individuals that respond to the issues of the time by harnessing three major transcendentalist virtues such as individualism, idealism, and the divinity of nature which all cast key parts in the individuals role. Individualism in transcendentalism is the belief that oneself is most successful when they are self-reliant and independent from any institution within society such as organized religion, government, and any other administration that would cause that person to not freely think for themselves. Ralph Waldo Emerson, author of Self Reliance,was a major leader of the American transcendentalist movement. Like many others, Emerson believed that if a man did not independently think, then his mind would be poisoned because his thoughts would not be his own values and beliefs. People need to think for themselves instead of being confined by the rules of society set up by conformists. Whoso would be a man must be a nonconformist. He who would after immortal palms must not be hindered by the name of goodness, but must explore if it be goodness. Nothing is at last sacred but the integrity of your own mind (Emerson 59). Emerson uses a biblical reference in his essay Self Reliance so the reader can relate to the story and truly understand what he is trying to convey. The immortal palms are in reference to when Jesus rode into Jerusalem on Palm Sunday. Jesus was a man who was beloved and celebrated, however, he was also despised because his thoughts and ideas were different from the ones everyone else shared. People who want to gather immortal palms or do something that is worthy of rejoicing cannot be restrained by what is good and bad according to society. To succeed you have to play off of your own intuition and follow what you think is right, even if it means going against authority or power. Individualism is an extremely important aspect in the role of the individual in a society that responds to the issues of the time. Without Individualism we lose our unique identities, thoughts, opinions, beliefs, and virtues, therefore it would be impossible for an individual to take the role of addressing the issues in society because there is a lack of personal conscience. Before the romanticism period, there was a movement called the age of reason that took place between 1750 and 1800. This was a period of exploration and pursuit of knowledge however society was extremely strict and dull. At the beginning of the transcendentalism movement, the leaders hoped to stop these old attitudes towards life and make society enjoyable and full of wonder and awe. This was accomplished through idealism. In transcendentalism, idealism is the emphasis on cr eative thinking, raising questions, and innovation. Idealism was especially important in pre-Civil War America because African Americans and women were denied the same rights as white men and a new culture of raising questions allowed people to finally start asking why cant everyone be equal?. Sojourner Truth was an African American abolitionist and a womens rights activist who fully embraced idealism because she created her own ideas which she believed in and wanted to fight for. Truth spoke about her opinions and ideas in her speech Aint I A Woman, which took place on May 29, 1851, at a Womens Rights Convention in Akron, Ohio. If my cup wont hold but a pint, and yours holds a quart, wouldnt you be mean not to let me have my little half-measure full? (Truth 99). During this time period, white men owned everything, therefore, Sojourner Truth wanted to raise questions. If white men have all the control in life and women barely have any opportunity, is it not cruel to constantly deny this group of people rights and freedom? By asking this, Truth appeals to ethos ultimately bringing her closer to the audience and building up her character and self-virtue. Then that little man in black there, he says women cant have as much rights as men, cause Christ wasnt a woman! Where did your Christ come from? Where did your Christ come from? From God and a woman! Man had nothing to do with Him. (Truth 99) Sojourner Truth knows that most of her audience follows Christianity. By bringing up Mary, the mother of God, she appeals to logos by showing people in the audience a woman who can be trusted in a position of power. Raising questions such as Truth did plants the seed of doubt towards societal norms in listeners minds, which creates more questions to be asked and support towards her cause. Idealism consistently allows people to challenge things that they dont think are right and just. An individual needs to be able to ask questions and think creatively to address problems in society. Without Idealism, issues in our world would never be resolved because no one would consider asking if something was right or wrong which is why idealism is an extremely important aspect in an individuals role in responding to issues in society. Transcendentalists did not believe in organized religion because it does not allow individuals to freely think due to the set of rules, ideas, and beliefs put in place by others. However people of transcendentalism thrived for extremely spiritual lives and believed that it was of the utmost importance to connect with nature because it is sacred. The divinity of nature for transcendentalists means that human beings should never interfere or try to control nature, their fate, or the universe and rather leave it be and let divine nature take its course as God or the Divine intended it. All human beings, male and female, were created equally in the eyes of the divine. When people disobey this, acting in an arrogant or egoistic way and turn to corruption or greed, they are trying to control nature and change fundamentals that they have no control over which breaks the relationship between nature and the soul. In Chief Seathls letter to The President of The United States, there are strong representations of corruption and greed in one group, the white men, while the Native Americans have grand amounts of respect for the divinity of nature. The President in Washington sends word that he wishes to buy our land. But how can you buy or sell the sky? The land? The idea is strange to us. If we do not own the freshness of the air and the sparkle of the water, how can you sell them? Every part of this earth is sacred to my people. Every shining pine needle, every humming insect. All are holy in the memory and experience of my people. (Seathl 75) Chief Seathl makes it understood that his people have extreme gratitude for natures beauty and sacredness. His detail when describing each aspect of the land they have come to know shows that he and his people take the divinity of nature very seriously while the Americans depict gluttony. In 1852 the United States was heavily focused on westward expansion ultimately driving Native American tribes out of the land they were living on. The Americans wanted to buy the land from the natives and this baffled many of the tribes because, in their the eyes, the land was not something they could just buy. They believed that we are guests on this earth and it is not our right to be here, it is a privilege and we need to be respectful of nature, which all human beings are apart of. All things are connected. Whatever befalls earth befalls the sons of the earth (Seathl 75). At the time, America is creating all this violence and corrupting its population through greedy and egotistical ways. Chief Seathl understood that his people who carry out the values of divine nature were far outnumbered so he includes this warning that whatever hurts the earth will one day hurt man. According to transcendentalist values, nature is sacred and in order for human beings to live a successful and happy life, one must have a strong connection towards nature which allows that person to understand that everything in life is connected and happens for a reason. When people decide to take different paths in life and break this code, corruption and violence rise which creates issues within society. The divinity of nature is not just a key virtue specific to transcendentalism. The first representation of divine nature takes place in the Holy Bible. In Peters second epistle, he tells the reader that the opposite of divine nature is corruption in the world (2 Peter 1:4). Peter says that if we take part in divine nature then Gods promises, also known as the covenants between God and his people, wi ll be true. These promises are peace among everyone and eternal life. Like Chief Seathl and Peter the Apostle, individuals need to continue the job of spreading the word and living true to the divinity of nature to be able to resolve and respond to issues in the world. As said in the Bible, if all men and women take part in divine nature, peace in the world can thrive which is why this is such an important aspect that supports an individuals role towards responding to issues of the time. There have been individuals in the past and in the present have had great success in upholding the role of responding to issues within society. Many of these individuals portray characteristics that are in line with transcendentalism. By knowing the importance of a persons ability to think independently and challenge social norms, while also understanding how to properly connect with nature and treat the environment around them, an individuals job in addressing and resolving issues within society become more transparent. Embracing the three major transcendentalist virtues which are individualism, idealism and the divinity of nature allow each and every one of us the opportunity to one day become that individual. Work Cited https://mettahu.wordpress.com/2013/09/09/we-should-have-listened-to-chief-seattle/ https://www.lds.org/new-era/2014/10/to-the-point/what-does-divine-nature-really-mean?lang=eng https://www.allabouthistory.org/age-of-reason.htm https://study.com/academy/answer/how-does-civil-disobedience-reflect-ideas-of-transcendentalism.html https://www.sparknotes.com/philosophy/civildisobedience/summary/ https://www.quora.com/Why-is-individualism-important-Is-it-good-for-society https://www.enotes.com/homework-help/what-emerson-mean-by-saying-immortal-palms-self-569780 https://www.ascensionnow.co.uk/chief-seattles-letter-to-the-american-president-1852.html https://study.com/academy/lesson/the-american-transcendentalists-values-lesson-quiz.html https://prezi.com/w15bryv1wtcf/aint-i-a-woman-by-sojourner-truth-analysis/ https://www.enotes.com/homework-help/what-deeper-meaning-this-quote-self-reliance-259488

Essay about OPEC Presentation - 1377 Words

Overview of OPEC Is a permanent, intergovernmental Organization, created at the Baghdad Conference on September, 1960. 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Issues Of Environmental Degradation Environmental Sciences Essay Free Essays

Environmental debasement is a procedure through which the natural environment is compromised in some manner, cut downing biological diverseness and the general wellness of the environment. This procedure can be wholly natural in beginning, or it can be accelerated or caused by human activities. Many international organisations recognize environmental debasement as one of the major menaces confronting the planet, since worlds have merely been given one Earth to work with, and if the environment becomes irreparably compromised, it could intend the terminal of human being. We will write a custom essay sample on Issues Of Environmental Degradation Environmental Sciences Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now One of the major menace the planet faces today, environmental debasement, is bound to do life hard for all the life signifiers, including human existences, now or subsequently. Surveies by some of the high organisations reveal that the impairment of environment is happening at an dismaying rate. In fact, the High Level Threat Panel of the United Nations has enlisted environmental debasement as one of the 10 menaces for us. This issue portions infinite with jobs like poorness, terrorist act and civil war in the list, and this itself highlights the fact that we are heading for a certain catastrophe. It is defined as a procedure wherein the natural environment of the planet is degenerated to such an extent, that the biodiversity and the general wellness of the planet is subjected to drastic decrease. In other words, this phenomenon can be defined as impairment of the Earth ‘s natural milieus as a consequence of inordinate development of the available resources. These resources in clude H2O, air, vegetation, zoology, dirt etc. Basically, the life on the planet is interwoven to such an extent that a lessening in a peculiar property triggers a Domino consequence on all the other properties dependent on it. ItA is the devastation ofA ecosystems and the extinction ofA wildlife. It is defined as any alteration or perturbation to the environment perceived to be hurtful or unwanted. Environmental debasement is one of theA Ten ThreatsA officially cautioned by theA High Level Threat PanelA of theA United Nations. Fig,1 Showing pollution from chimneys Causes: Environmental debasement is a consequence of the dynamic inters play of socio-economic, institutional and technological activities. Environmental debasement can be attributed to assorted human activities, every bit good as some natural procedures, with the later holding an undistinguished portion. Most of the resources on the planet are vulnerable to depletion, and the rates at which we are working them have already brought some of them to the threshold of exhaustion. Exploitation of theA dodo fuelsA is the best illustration of this phenomenon. Large scale development has depleted the dodo fuel militias across the universe, therefore go forthing us with no option but to happen an alternate beginning of energy. Other human activities which have been lending to environmental debasement include urbanisation, overpopulation, A deforestation, pollution, hunting, etc. Environmental alterations may be driven by many factors including economic growing, population growing, urbanisation, intensification of agribusiness, lifting energy usage and transit. Poverty still remains a job at the root of several environmental jobs. Social Factors: Population Population is an of import beginning of development, yet it is a major beginning of environmental debasement when it exceeds the threshold bounds of the support systems. Unless the relationship between the multiplying population and the life support system can be stabilized, development programmes, howsoever, advanced are non likely to give coveted consequences. Population impacts on the environment chiefly through the usage of natural resources and production of wastes and is associated with environmental emphasiss like loss of biodiversity, air and H2O pollution and increased force per unit area on cultivable land. Fig.2 Population in India India supports 17 per cent of the universe population on merely 2.4 per cent of universe land country. Its current rate of population growing at 1.85 per cent continues to present a relentless population challenge. In position of the linkages between population and environment, a vigorous thrust for population control need barely be over emphatic. Poverty Poverty is said to be both cause and consequence of environmental debasement. The round nexus between poorness and environment is an highly complex phenomenon. Inequality may further unsustainability because the hapless, who rely on natural resources more than the rich, deplete natural resources faster as they have no existent chances of deriving entree to other types of resources. Furthermore, degraded environment can speed up the procedure of poverty, once more because the hapless depend straight on natural assets. Although there has been a important bead in the poorness ratio in the state from 55 per centum in 1973 to 36 per centum in 1993-94, the absolute figure of hapless have, nevertheless, remained changeless at around 320 million over the old ages. Acceleration in poorness relief is imperative to interrupt this nexus between poorness and the environment. Urbanization Lack of chances for paid employment in small towns and the ecological emphasiss is taking to an of all time increasing motion of hapless households to towns. Mega metropoliss are emerging and urban slums are spread outing. There has been an octuple addition in urban population over 1901-1991. During the past two decennaries of 1971-91, India ‘s urban population has doubled from 109 million to 218 million and is estimated to make 300 million by 2000 AD. Such rapid and unplanned enlargement of metropoliss has resulted in debasement of urban environment. It has widened the spread between demand and supply of infrastructural services such as energy, lodging, conveyance, communicating, instruction, H2O supply and sewage and recreational comfortss, therefore consuming the cherished environmental resource base of the metropoliss. The consequence is the turning tendency in impairment of air and H2O quality, coevals of wastes, the proliferation of slums and unwanted land usage alterations, all of which contribute to urban poorness. Economic Factors To a big extent, environmental debasement is the consequence of market failure, that is, the non existent or ill functioning markets for environmental goods and services. In this context, environmental debasement is a peculiar instance of ingestion or production outwardnesss reflected by divergency between private and societal costs ( or benefits ) . Lack of good defined belongings rights may be one of the grounds for such market failure. On the other manus, Market deformations created by monetary value controls and subsidies may worsen the accomplishment of environmental aims. The degree and form of economic development besides affect the nature of environmental jobs. India ‘s development aims have systematically emphasized the publicity of policies and programmes for economic growing and societal public assistance. Between 1994-95 and 1997-98, the Indian economic system has grown a small over 7 per cent per annum: the growing of industrial production and fabrication averaging higher at 8.4 per cent and 8.9 per cent severally during these old ages. The fabricating engineering adopted by most of the industries has placed a heavy burden on environment particularly through intensive resource and energy usage, as is apparent in natural resource depletion ( fossil fuel, minerals, lumber ) , H2O, air and land taint, wellness jeopardies and debasement of natural eco-systems. With high proportion dodo fuel as the chief beginning of industrial energy and major air fouling industries such as Fe and steel, fertilisers and cement growth, industrial beginnings ha ve contributed to a comparatively high portion in air pollution. Large measures of industrial and risky wastes brought approximately by enlargement of chemical based industry have compounded the wastes direction job with serious environmental wellness deductions. Conveyance activities have a broad assortment of effects on the environment such as air pollution, noise from route traffic and oil spills from marine transportation. Transport substructure in India has expanded well in footings of web and services. Thus, route conveyance histories for a major portion of air pollution burden in metropoliss such as Delhi. Port and harbor undertakings chiefly impact on sensitive coastal eco systems. Their building affects hydrology, surface H2O quality, piscaries, coral reefs and Rhizophora mangles to changing grades. Direct impacts of agricultural development on the environment arise from farming activities which contribute to dirty eroding, land salination and loss of foods. The spread of green revolution has been accompanied by over development of land and H2O resources, and usage of fertilisers and pesticides have increased many fold. Switching cultivation has besides been an of import cause of land debasement. Leaching from extended usage of pesticides and fertilisers is an of import beginning of taint of H2O organic structures. Intensive agribusiness and irrigation contribute to set down debasement peculiarly salination, alkalization and H2O logging. Institutional Factors The Ministry of Environment A ; Forests ( MOEF ) in the Government is responsible for protection, preservation and development of environment. The Ministry works in close coaction with other Ministries, State Governments, Pollution Control Boards and a figure of scientific and proficient establishments, universities, non-Governmental organisations etc. Environment ( Protection ) Act, 1986 is the cardinal statute law regulating environment direction. Other of import statute laws in the country include the Forest ( Conservation ) Act, 1980 and the Wildlife ( Protection ) Act, 1972. The failing of the bing system lies in the enforcement capablenesss of environmental establishments, both at the Centre and the province. There is no effectual coordination amongst assorted Ministries/Institutions sing integrating of environmental concerns at the inception/planning phase of the undertaking. Current policies are besides fragmented across several Government bureaus with differing policy authorizations. Lack of trained forces and comprehensive database delay many undertakings. Most of the State Government establishments are comparatively little enduring from insufficiency of proficient staff and resources. Although overall quality of Environmental Impact Assessment ( EIA ) surveies and the effectual execution of the EIA procedure have improved over the old ages ; institutional beef uping steps such as preparation of cardinal professionals and staffing with proper proficient individuals are needed to do the EIA process a more effectual instrument for environment protection and sustainable development. Habitat Fragmentation Habitat atomization carries long term environmental impacts some of which can destruct full ecosystems. An ecosystem is a distinguishable unit and includes all the life and inanimate elements that reside within it. Plants and animate beings are obvious members, but it will besides include other constituents on which they rely on such as watercourses, lakes, and dirts. Habitats become disconnected when development breaks up solid stretches of land. Examples include roads which may cut through woods or even trails which wind through prairies. While it may non sound all bad on the surface, there are serious effects. Some wildlife species require big stretches of land in order to run into all of their demands for nutrient, home ground, and other resources. These animate beings are called country medium. When the environment is fragmented, the big spots of home ground no longer exist. It becomes more hard for the wildlife to acquire the resources they to last, perchance going threatened or endangered. The environment suffers without the animate beings that play their function in the nutrient web. A more critical consequence is land perturbation. Many weedy works species such as garlic mustard and violet loosestrife are both timeserving and invasive. A breach in the home ground gives them an chance to take clasp. These aggressive workss can take over an environment, displacing the native vegetation. The consequence is habitat with a individual dominant works which does n’t supply adequate nutrient resources for all the wildlife. Entire ecosystems are threatened with extinction. Some weeds are so invasive and aggressive that they are declared noxious by the federal or province authoritiess to forestall them from destructing good countries. The cultivation or even the sale of noxious weeds is prohibited by jurisprudence. Soil eroding and desertification: A The development of the fertile top-soil takes centuries. But, it can be removed really easy due to human activities like over-cultivation, unrestricted graze, deforestation and hapless irrigation patterns, ensuing in waterless spots of land. When big waste spots extend and run into over clip, a desert is created. Internationally, it has been recognized that desertification is a major job presents, peculiarly due to increased urbanisation. Water logging and dirt salt: Irrigation without proper drainage of H2O leads to H2O logging in the dirt. Besides impacting the harvests, H2O logging draws salt to the surface of the dirt. The salt so is deposited as a thin crust on the land surface or starts roll uping at the roots of the plants.A A A A A This increased salt content is unfriendly to the growing of harvests and is highly detrimental to agriculture. A Water logging and dirt salt are some of the jobs that have come in the aftermath of the Green Revolution. Inappropriate land usage can take to dirty debasement. Bad farming techniques are frequently responsible for land debasement. Leaving Fieldss bare, or plowing them up and down the sides of a hill can do terrible dirt eroding when it rains to a great extent as the dirt has nil maintaining it in topographic point. When the left over parts of harvests and carnal manure are ploughed back into the dirt they serve to refill and fertilise it. However, if the harvests are cut to be fed to animate beings and the manure is burnt as a fuel, the dirt will hold no manner of refilling itself, and lessenings in birthrate. Sometimes landholders make alterations in the manner they use the land in an effort to do the land more productive, but frequently these alterations damage the land and really do it less productive. Effectss: When mills produce harmful chemicals and toxic waste into organic structures of H2O, worlds suffer. Pesticides and fertilisers can besides acquire into a part ‘s H2O system and foul it. Drinking H2O is contaminated. Some shacking in third-world states are extremely affected by the debasement of our planet and these unhealthy patterns cause the followers: Illnesss Death in kids Death in grownups More late environmental debasement effects are going more and more obvious in signifier of scope ofA environmental issuesA impacting the planet. The risky waste let out by the industries tends to pollute the H2O organic structures in the locality, therefore go forthing the H2O unfit for imbibing. Similarly, A nursery gases, such as Chlorofluorocarbons and C dioxide, allow out in the ambiance have a annihilating consequence on the environment, therefore doing the planet vulnerable to a scope of jobs, includingA planetary warmingA andA clime alteration. Worlds have rarely sacrificed their basic necessities, but recently development of resources to carry through these basic necessities itself is taking a toll on the environment. The effects of the major environmental jobs on both wellness and productiveness are: a. Water pollution and H2O scarceness: As per the appraisal of UN, more than two million deceases and one million millions of unwellnesss a twelvemonth are attributable to H2O pollution. Water scarceness compounds these wellness jobs. Productivity is affected by the costs of supplying safe H2O, by restraints on economic activity caused by H2O deficits, and by the inauspicious effects of H2O pollution and deficits on other environmental resources such as, worsening piscaries and aquifer depletion taking to irreversible compression. Fig. 3 Water pollution b.A Air pollution: As per the appraisal of UN, urban air pollution is responsible for 300,000-700,000 deceases yearly and creates chronic wellness jobs for many more people. Restrictions on vehicles and industrial activity during critical periods affect productiveness, as does the consequence of acid rain on woods and H2O organic structures. c.A Solid and risky wastes: Diseases are spread by ungathered refuse and blocked drains ; the wellness hazards from risky wastes are typically more localised, but frequently acute. Wastes affect productiveness through the pollution of groundwater resources. d.A Soil debasement: Depleted soils addition the hazards of malnutrition for husbandmans. Productivity losingss on tropical dirts are estimated to be in the scope of 0.5-1.5 per cent of GNP, while secondary productiveness losingss are due to siltation of reservoirs, transit channels and other hydrologic investings. Fig. 4 Land debasement e. Deforestation: Death and disease can ensue from the localised implosion therapy caused by deforestation. Loss of sustainable logging possible and of eroding bar, watershed stableness and C segregation provided by woods are among the productiveness impacts of deforestation. f. Loss of biodiversity: The extinction of works and animate being species will potentially impact the development of new drugs ; it will cut down ecosystem adaptability and lead to the loss of familial resources. g. Atmospheric alterations: Ozone depletion is responsible for possibly 300,000 extra instances of tegument malignant neoplastic disease a twelvemonth and 1.7 million instances of cataracts. Global heating may take to increase in the hazard of climatic natural catastrophes. Productivity impacts may include sea-rise harm to coastal investings, regional alterations in agricultural productiveness and break of the marine nutrient concatenation. h. Poverty: In many states in Africa, harvest crops are falling as ingestion additions. Peoples are happening less alimentary nutrient to eat. One statement held is that while Fieldss in wealthier states are used to turn harvests forA biofuel, poorer states, particularly those around the Equator, are vulnerable to endure alterations, H2O deficits, and urbanisation. All of these factors are increasing the wellness and lives of 1000s. Some scientists and conservationists are inquiring that non-food points and agribusiness waste be used as alternate fuel for vehicles alternatively. i.Losing Earth ‘s Beauty: As worlds dump waste merchandises, usage chemicals, and over fish in the oceans and seas, countries of beauty such asA coral reefsA are damaged. At times the devastation is so great that is can non be reversed. We are killing our planet and the effects are enormous. One illustration of this lies within the seashore lands of Thailand. Here marine and coastal resources at hazard. Vast countries of Rhizophora mangle wetlands have been lost. Coral reefs continue to endure debasement, and the entire fish available for catching is worsening. Not merely is the debasement doing Marine and coastal resources to be lost, but this issue holds big economic jobs. When there are non plenty fish to catch, fishermen are without income to back up themselves and their households. In some coastal towns, the shores are gnawing at a rate of one to five metres per twelvemonth. This consequences in an one-year loss of more than six billion ticals ( $ 150 million ) in economic footings. Decision: A The impact of environmental catastrophes can be lay waste toing on the societal, economic, and environmental systems of a state or part every bit good as the planetary ecosystem. Environmental catastrophes do non acknowledge semisynthetic boundary lines, and endanger the bequest left to future coevalss of a clean and supportive environment. Because of the mutuality of Earth ecosystems international co-operation is paramount to forestall, and when catastrophe work stoppages, respond to alleviate rapidly and efficaciously the effects of environmental catastrophes. Therefore, Governments, International organisations and communities must work together – at all degrees – to decrease the hazards associated with environmental debasement and its contributing factors, such as clime alteration, and guarantee that vulnerable people are prepared to last and accommodate. At the same clip, companies, organisations and persons must besides guarantee that their work is environmentall y friendly and sustainable. Types of environmental debasement: There are many different types of environmental debasement. Some of the chief types in Namibia are soil eroding, deforestation, bush invasion, desertification and salinisation. Soil eroding Soil eroding is the gradual have oning off of dirt by either physical dislocation or chemical solution which is so transported away by agencies of H2O, air current or ice to another location. Soil eroding is the taking cause of harm to our dirts, go forthing them wastes and finally less productive. It can take centuries to make merely a few centimetres of dirt and merely a few minutes to destruct the same few centimetres. Today the rate of eroding has been speeded up by human activities. Consequently doing dirt eroding an ever-increasing job. Soil eroding consequences from the ways that people use the land. Practices such as tree felling cause deforestation, and can take to dirty eroding. The removed trees would normally guard the dirt from rain and air current as their roots hold the dirt in topographic point. Additionally many land proprietors cut down trees to make infinite in which to works harvests and rise animate beings which finally can take to dirty eroding. Soil salinisation This is a type of environmental debasement that is peculiarly common in of course dry countries that undergo irrigation and do non let for any fallow periods for the land to retrieve. Irrigation strategies are set up to supply a changeless flow of H2O to dry lands so that harvests can be grown. However when irrigation systems are severely designed the consequences can be black. The irrigation causes the water-table degree to lift conveying natural salts to the surface. The salts cause jobs as they restrict the root activity of the works and hence decelerate down its growing. In countries with high rates of vaporization the salts go even more concentrated. The concluding consequence is that the dirts are excessively piquant for workss to be able to turn in them and the debauched land has to be abandoned. Soils which have been affected by salinisation are really hard and expensive to rehabilitate and frequently remain fresh and abandoned. Desertification Desertification occurs when productive lands are turned into non-productive desert as a consequence of hapless land-management. This by and large occurs in semi-arid countries such as Namibia. ( See the Information Sheet on Desertification ) Deforestation This is the lasting devastation of autochthonal woods and forests which consequences in a loss of natural resources every bit good as a protective barrier for surface soil. ( See the Information Sheet on Deforestation ) Bush Invasion Bush invasion happens where woody flora gets so thick that it threatens farming lands. Bush invasion happens because woody flora and grasses have different growing rates taking the woody flora to take over and rule a piece of land. Before the debut of domestic farm animal, the balance between grasses and woody flora would hold been kept in cheque by fires and game. This would hold resulted in an African Savannah dominated by grass with merely a few scattered trees. With the debut of farm animal the balance was upset. Most of the game was eliminated and selective grazers were brought in. Fire eruptions have besides been eliminated every bit far as possible due to human intercession. This means that grasses are to a great extent eaten but the trees which are normally controlled by fires, continue to turn. The consequence is a displacement in the balance in favour of trees and woody flora. Since the growing of grass is limited the dirt is mostly left bare doing it particularly susceptible to dirty eroding by air current and H2O. The sedimentations of foods are hence progressively found merely under trees and shrubs, doing it hard for grasses to turn. Finally the grasses cease to vie for H2O and decease out. Most of Namibia ‘s best agriculture lands are bush encroached. As a effect the land supports less and less livestock per hectare as the woody flora additions. It becomes more hard for the cowss to travel in or amongst the shrubs in hunt for grazing lands. The bulk of valuable foods and H2O in the dirt are so taken up by the infringing shrub and the grasses can non entree them. Loss of biodiversity Loss of biodiversity is a decrease in the assortment of works and carnal species. In countries where environmental debasement has occurred there is frequently a loss of biodiversity as a consequence of the break to the ecosystem. However the loss of biodiversity itself can be considered a signifier of environmental debasement. The scope of familial makeup ( works and carnal assortments ) in a peculiar country can be considered to be a natural resource and is of import in keeping a healthy environment. The biodiversity of an country can diminish as a consequence of pollution, poaching, spread outing agribusiness and urbanisation. Sometimes there is a direct decrease in the figure of a peculiar species which itself if being threatened, but more frequently it is as a consequence of a break in the ecosystem and nutrient concatenation, which causes a Domino consequence, impacting a greater figure of beings. HOW TO STOP ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION: Legislations: Assorted Torahs has been framed in India for the protection of environment and some of these are cited below-A I ) Section 268 to 290 of Indian Penal Code trades with public nuisances. Public nuisance means pollution of air, H2O, blasting, inordinate fume, crud and other polluting activities.A two ) Section 133 and 143 of Code of Criminal Procedure Code and Section 91 of Code of Civil Procedure envisages that a individual may near a Magistrate and District Judge severally by registering a ailment or request about the public nuisance. three ) Under Law of Torts, particular harm can be claimed from nuisance maker/violator of environment. four ) The Water ( Prevention and Control of Pollution ) Act’1974, V ) The Environment Protection Act’1986, six ) Wildlife ( Protection ) Act’1972, seven ) The Air ( Prevention and Control of Pollution ) Act’1981, eight ) The Prevention of Cruelty of Animals Act’1960, nine ) The National Environment Tribunal Act’1995. Problem of pollution is the result of urbanisation, overpopulation and industrialisation. In modern times, hence, it needs more effectual legal sentiments to counter the above. Consequently Indian parliament passed The Environment Protection Act’1986 to safeguard the environmental debasement. The Indian Penal Code has few commissariats on the topic, but they are uneffective when faced with the jobs of an industrialised society. The first job to pull the attending of certain province statute law in India was H2O pollution. But it was merely in 1974 that a Central Act was enacted on the topic to be followed by The Water ( Prevention and Control of Pollution ) Cess Act’1977 and thenceforth most drastic jurisprudence had been enacted as Environment ( Protection ) Act’1986. India foremost got the gustatory sensation of environmental catastrophe by two calamities that befell India – the Bhopal catastrophe in 1984 and Sri Ram Fertilizer Plant leak in 1985. The Bhopal Gas Leak Disaster ( Processing of claims ) Act’1985 gave the Cardinal Government the exclusive authorization to stand for ( in judicial proceeding ) the victims of Bhopal for compensation claims against the Union Carbide Company. Sri Ram gas Leak did non bring forth legislative activity but prompted Mr. M.C.Mehta ( On behalf of Hindustani Andolon ) and certain other organisations to get down to utilize the effectual legal tool in the signifier of Public Interest Litigation ( PIL ) . This gave the Supreme Court an chance to pronounce certain of import philosophy on civil wrong jurisprudence, corporate jurisprudence ( peculiarly the civil liability of managers for wrongs committed by the corporate organic structure ) . Recently, Supreme Court has loosely and liberally interpreted the Article 21 and transgressed into the country of protection of environment and held that the protection of environment and citizen ‘s right to populate in eco-friendly atmosphere interpreted as the basic right guaranteed under Article 21. Recently to extenuate the demands of environment related judicial proceeding, â€Å" Green Benches † had been constituted in many High Courts in the Country. Some of the undermentioned determinations of Supreme Court of India has a great branching towards the protection and safeguarding the environment and keep the ecological balance. At one point of clip, the harm caused to the environment reaches a phase wherein the environment ca n’t achieve the needed balance on its ain. In such a state of affairs, we worlds need to step in, and guarantee that the harm is curbed, and the balance is attained. Simple steps, such as preservation of electricity, use ofA alternate energy beginnings, avoiding the usage of things that pollute the environment, A dirt conservationA etc. , can assist in salvaging the environment from the menace of debasement. Environmentalists, the universe over, are seeking their best to salvage our environment, and we need to make our spot to do certain that they win. The demand of the hr is to place the causes of environmental debasement, and extinguish them one by one. We need to understand the fact that we are a portion of the interlacing life system on the planet, and any jobs, like environmental debasement andA environmental pollution, are bound to impact us straight or indirectly. Though the catastrophe is non expected to go on tomorrow or a hundred old ages from now, that does n’t intend it will ne’er go on at all. That being said, the burden is on us – the most intelligent species on the planet, to do certain that such jobs are kept at bay. Stairss we can take: There are ways which we can assist to diminish debasement in our environment. Some of these include: Purchase recycled merchandises Conserve H2O Do non litter or flip waste into inappropriate topographic points Conserve energy Join an consciousness group Talk with others about the impacts of environmental debasement Be an advocator to salvage our planet! Reach Your GovernmentA – Tell your local functionaries that you want information on the community ‘s H2O supply and local defilers. Make certain functionaries recognize your right to cognize about your H2O supply. Dispose of Hazardous Waste – Make certain that risky waste is decently disposed of, non merely left around or placed with other refuse. Do n’t Dump Chemicals – Never pour toxic substances down the drain. Although H2O is cleaned, metropoliss do non hold the equipment to extinguish all toxic substances from the H2O supply. Find Your Water ‘s Source – Learn about where your community ‘s H2O comes from. Keep a close oculus on this H2O beginning and encourage others to make the same. Read Well Reports – Community good operators frequently produce supervising studies on the safety of local Wellss. Ask the operators to give you a transcript of these stuffs and remain up-to-date on your Wellss. Substitute Substances – You can do your ain non-toxic versions of many popular merchandises, such as insect repellants. Making so prevents the toxic chemicals found in these merchandises from come ining the environment and the H2O supply. How to cite Issues Of Environmental Degradation Environmental Sciences Essay, Essay examples

A Comparison of Perceived Stress free essay sample

Coping Styles of Junior and Senior Nursing and Social Work Students Robin L. Walton The purpose of this study was to determine if there is a difference in the perceived stress levels and the coping styles of junior and senior students in nursing and social work programs. The study used a descriptive comparative approach and was nonexperimental. Research questions were developed to guide this research. The population for this research included all junior and senior nursing and social work students preparing for or in clinical courses at a selected university. The sample consisted of 89 nursing students and 33 social work students. Data was obtained through self-reported survey procedures. The researcher visited appropriate classrooms identified by faculty. Participants were given a packet with three instruments. The first instrument was a demographic tool developed by the researcher. Perceived stress levels were measured by Cohens Perceived Stress Scale. Coping styles were identified by the Moos Coping Responses Inventory. Responses indicated that social work students have significantly higher perceived stress levels than nursing students. Nursing students identified more reliance on approach coping responses, while social work students identified more reliance on avoidance coping responses. No significant differences were identified between the two groups based on age, gender, marital status, employment status or class. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Although a dissertation is credited to only one person, it actually should be credited to many. Therefore, I would like to recognize those individuals that were so helpful in assisting me to reach my goal. First, I would like to acknowledge the members of my dissertation committee. I would especially like to express my sincere gratitude to my Chair, Dr. Dennis Prisk, for his constant support and guidance. From helping to reassemble my committee to putting the finishing touches on my dissertation, he has been absolutely priceless. I must also express my thanks to Dr. Paul Leary for helping me choose an interesting topic (much better than my first) and for his expert advice and trenchant observations. I need to recognize Dr. Lynne Welch for her support, guidance and thoughtful suggestions. Special thanks must go to Dr. Steven Banks for all his help with my statistics and for handling all my silly questions with good-natured patience and understanding. Second, I must thank Dr. Germie Berhey for allowing me to survey his social work students. He was accommodating and helpful. For this he has my heartfelt thanks. Third, I would like to acknowledge my friends David Ridpath and Karen Kirtley for providing me with support and encouragement, as well as valuable advice from their own recent dissertation process. I only wish I could have met you both earlier. I would also like to thank Sheila Kyle for loaning me her articles and for providing advice whenever I needed it. Third, I would be remiss not to acknowledge my family. To my mother and father, Lindy and Twyla Browning, I must express my sincerest appreciation not only for their encouragement and support, but also for all the countless meals they had ready iv when I would return from class in Charleston. My husband, Roger and my daughter, Bethany need to be recognized for their support and understanding, as well as for enduring a house cluttered with books and papers. Without the love and support of my family, I could never have accomplished this endeavor. Lastly, I need to recognize my mentor, role model and dear friend, Giovanna Morton. It was Ginnys gentle prodding that started me on the journey to the completion of this degree. All along the way she provided me with encouragement and motivation. Even when she was gravely ill, Ginny never failed to ask how things were going and to provide her own wisdom and advice. I truly hope that I may serve as an inspiration to my students as Ginny did to me. Ginny is truly what I want to be when I grow up. Therefore, the study of this phenomenon and how students deal with it can have important implications for higher education administrators. The perception of nursing faculty and students is that nursing students have higher perceived stress levels than the general student population (Beck Srivastava, 1991; Carter, 1982). Nursing students have the same academic stressors as other college students such as midterm and final examinations, research papers and other assignments. In addition, however, nursing students also experience a clinical component, which is highly stressful. Students have a large amount of preparatory work before their clinical assignment. They often must travel long distances to clinical sites (Shriver, 2000). In their clinical rotations, students must exhibit a high level of responsibility and accountability in dealing with patients (Carter, 1982). Students often perform procedures that can cause serious harm to their patients and fear making a mistake. They use highly technical equipment. Time management can be a pressure as they have many tasks that must be accomplished in a short period of time. They deal with patients that are seriously ill or often dying. Students may face hostility or rejection from patients and their families. Many times the atmosphere on the nursing unit may be unfriendly or aloof, 1 which adds to the students sense of self-doubt and insecurity. Additionally, students are in continuous contact with faculty and often believe that every task or interaction is being evaluated (Jones Johnson, 1997; Kleehammer, Hart, Keck, 1990; Mahat, 1998). The literature indicates that students in other disciplines may perceive stressors that are unique to their discipline. According to Zastrow (1985), social work students experience a variety of challenges on their path to a career. Many students in social work may have concerns about their capacity to handle field placements. They worry about their ability to assist clients without becoming emotionally involved. Often, they see situations that are emotionally draining such as child abuse, mental illness and homelessness. These students often express anxiety about their own emotional strength and are concerned whether social work is the correct choice for them as a career (Zastrow, 1985). Therefore, researchers have documented that perceived stress levels are high in nursing students (Burke, 1999; Mahat, 1996; Shriver, 2000). However, is this perception of stress in nursing students different than those of students in other helping professions? This study will attempt to identify whether or not there is a difference in the perceived stress levels and coping styles of nursing students and students enrolled in social work programs. Background of the Problem The effects of stress on college and university students have been well documented. Whitman (1995) states that excessive stress can be harmful to a students academic performance. Additionally, students who perceive their stress levels as very high often will become depressed. This depression can lead to other mental health 2 problems such as excessive drinking or indiscriminate use of other substances. In severe cases, this depression can lead to suicide (Hirsch Ellis, 1996; Morgan, 1997). As well, severe stress levels can lead to attrition. With the current nursing shortage, it is imperative that the nursing profession retain as many qualified students as possible (Alspach, 2000). Individuals in colleges and universities experience a wide array of stressful events. Many students move away from home for the first time. This can necessitate leaving all previously learned support systems such as parents, siblings and high school friends. Students may need to develop entirely new social contacts. They might be responsible for their own needs for the first time. They may have difficulty adjusting to more rigorous academic expectations and the need to learn to deal with individuals of differing cultures and beliefs (Hefferin, 1982; Hudd et al.. , 2000; Misra et al.. , 2000). Older students, living at home, often have multiple role demands such as family or occupational responsibilities that can lead to increased erceptions of stress. (Lengacher, 1996). Tinto (1995) states that many times older students may feel disenfranchised from the institution and have a feeling of isolation. They often believe they have nothing in common with other students and are unable to establish the peer supports that are established by younger more traditional students. Studies indicate that nursing students may be more pron e to stress than other students. Personality characteristics of nursing students might put them at risk. Gallagher (1989) found that most individuals entering the nursing profession are action oriented. They set high standards for themselves and others and are attentive to detail. In most cases, they will not accept work that is not perfect. They are giving, and often will 3 place others needs above their own. Characteristics such as these place an individual at higher risk for stress and burnout than the general population (Flanagan, 1997). Currently, society is experiencing a severe nursing shortage (Alspach, 2000; Bozell, 2001; Egger, 2000; Johnson, 2000; Jones, 2001). This shortage is projected to worsen in the next decade and could seriously effect the nations healthcare. It is imperative that the nursing profession is able to recruit and retain qualified nurses. This must begin with the educational process. Colleges and schools of nursing must recruit and graduate students of the highest quality that are ready to meet the challenges and demands of the profession. High perceived stress levels and lack of effective coping skills could present a barrier to this goal. Therefore, those involved in nursing education must assess this problem in order to identify effective strategies to deal with it. Historical Perspective The educational path to a career in nursing has always been a difficult journey. Initially, most training programs were based in hospitals and often provided the institution with free labor. This training consisted of minimal theory and was based mainly on hands-on tasks and skills. Students were required to work 50 60 hours a week (Ashley, 1976). Admission requirements varied from hospital to hospital. In most cases, the applicant had to be female. The minimum age was usually 21. African-American applicants were generally not considered. Married women were usually excluded and divorced women were totally unacceptable (Kelley, 1996). Today, however, nursing education is quite different. Nursing schools are now associated with universities and community colleges. Although technical skills remain 4 important, there is an increased emphasis on theory and critical thinking (Reed Procter, 1993). Additionally, the student nurse population is much more diverse (Deloughery, 1998; McCloskey Grace, 1997; Reed Proctor, 1993). Nursing students are now older and are more culturally diverse. They are more likely to be married and have children. Many are employed. Some have previous degrees in either nursing or other fields, such as business, education or psychology. These changes have major implications for nursing education programs, as well as colleges and universities in general. Perceived Stress and Coping Styles in University Programs Stress in College Students Stress in college students is increasing (Peden, Rayens, Hall Beebe, 2001). Sax (1997) found that 9. 7% of college freshmen report frequent depression. Additionally, only 48% of female students and 59. 3% of male students were confident in their mental health. Douglas, Collins and Warren (1997) reported that on the National College Risk survey, as many as 10. 3% of the students that participated had serious thoughts of suicide. Sarafino and Ewing (1999) emphasize being able to assess and reduce students stress is of paramount importance to college counseling and health centers. They emphasize the role that stress can play in causing psychological and physical illnesses such as hypertension, headaches and even the common cold. Their research focused on life event stress and the stress of daily â€Å"hassles†. Life events referred to major changes in ones life such as employment, personal relationships or health. The term â€Å"hassles† 5 referred to common annoyances or irritants such as misplacing items, time pressures or interpersonal conflicts. Results were related to frequency, perceived unpleasantness and the process of rumination, or as they term it â€Å"dwelling†. Their research validated that many times the severity of the perceived stress is often dependent on the individuals coping skills. Also, students that dwell on stressors and problems will often continue to experience chronic anxiety and strain after the actual stressor is no longer present. Hudd et al.. (2000) found that students reporting high stress levels will exhibit more unhealthy behaviors. This includes poor diet, lack of exercise and sleep patterns. They found that highly stressed students perceive themselves as less healthy, are prone to less healthy habits and report a lower level of self-esteem. Misra et al.. (2000) conducted research to determine if there is a difference in student and faculty perceptions of student stress. They found that faculty tended to perceive students stress levels as higher than the students actually reported. They did, however, find that students at the freshman and sophomore levels experience more perceived stress than juniors or seniors. This could indicate that students develop more effective coping skills as they proceed through their academic careers. This may have implications for administrators and faculty. If appropriate coping styles are identified, perhaps stress management programs could be implemented with younger students before they experience the damaging effects of perceived stress. Stress in Social Work Students Research indicates that social work students, like those in nursing, experience the most stress in clinical placements. May and Kilpatrick (1988) found that social work programs do very little to prepare students for the stress of self-awareness needed in 6 clinical practice. Strategies identified that might address this problem were video feedback of interviews with clients, meeting with students already in clinical placements and relevant classroom material to be discussed during placements. Half of the schools surveyed were neutral about students seeking therapy during clinical placements. Field instructors identified themselves as the most important person in assisting students to overcome stress during these placements. Rauch (1984) suggests that an effective orientation could assist social work students with the transition to clinical rotations. This researcher believes that hospital placement is one of the most stressful for social work students beginning field placements. It was found that a thorough orientation, with emphasis on the social worker role and focus of services, assisted the student to have a better learning experience. Simmonds (1984) found that the greatest source of stress in social work students results from the transition from student to practitioner. He determined that many social work students must work through an actual mourning process. If this does not occur, he states that burnout and poor worker-management relations may occur. He recommends that faculty discuss the transition process with undergraduate social work students to assist them in dealing with the stress and anxiety involved in assuming a role in independent practice. Stress in Nursing Students Stress in nursing students has been well documented (Beck Srivastava, 1991; Kleehammer, Hart Fogel, 1990; Lindop, 1991). Beck Srivastava (1991) found that nursing students suffer from long hours of study, multiple assignments, lack of free time, lack of timely feedback and lack of faculty response to student needs. Hamill (1995) 7 ound that nursing students often have difficulty adjusting to the academic environment of higher education, as well as difficulty adjusting to the environment of a nursing unit. Studies indicate that the clinical component of nursing school is the most stressful (Mahat, 1996; Kleehamer, Hart Fogel, 1990; Admi, 1997). Pagana (1988) surveyed 262 baccalaureate nursing students and found that personal inadequacy and a fear of mak ing mistakes were constant stressors. Lindop (1991) identified conflict between the ideal and real clinical practice was also a source of stress. He also found that time management problems, when trying to complete nursing tasks, added to a students perception of stress. Bell (1991) found that anxiety and stress could interfere with learning a complex, psychomotor skill. Other studies identify social factors as a major source of stress in nursing students (Lengacher, 1996; Green, 1987; Beck, 1995). The demographics of nursing students has changed dramatically in the last two decades (Bednash, 1997). Many students are now married with families. Some students are already practicing nurses returning for their baccalaureate degree. These facts can lead to stressors related to role strain and role conflict. Cox (1995) found that the greatest stresses for Registered Nursing Students (RN) in returning to school were fulfilling multiple roles, loss of time with family and friends, lack of time for leisure activities and an overwhelming amount of schoolwork. Lengacher (1993) found that personality, stage of career development and marital status were predictive factors in role strain in nursing students. Stetson (1997) found that in a large survey by Manderino, Ganong and Darnell, in 1988, only 2% of 276 baccalaureate degree programs that are accredited by the National League for Nursing required a stress management program within their curriculum. This 8 leads one to question if faculty recognize the problem and are assisting students to develop effective coping skills. In addition to the foregoing, the literature indicates that several factors may have an influence on a students perceived stress level. These factors are age, gender, marital status, whether the student is employed and whether the student is a generic student or a RN student. According to Johnson and Christenson (2000), these factors should be identified as extraneous variables and should be examined to determine if they vary significantly within the independent variable, which is the type of program the student is attending. For example, if a majority of the students in the nursing program are older than the students in the social work program, this may influence the students perception of stress. Johnson and Christenson (2000) state that if an extraneous variable is found to systematically vary within the independent variable, it may produce a confounding effect and limit the validity of the study (Johnson Christenson, 2000). Therefore, the following extraneous variables will be examined to determine if a significant relationship exists between them and the dependent variable, student’s perception of stress or coping style in the designated programs of nursing and social work. Age Research indicates that an individuals age may have an influence on his or her perceived stress level. Whitman (1985) suggests that younger students experience many stressful changes in their lives. These students often leave home for the first time when going away to school. Often, they experience ambivalent feelings resulting from the need for parental/familial support and the drive for independence. Additionally, the academic expectations in college can be an abrupt change from those in high school. The 9 pressure to achieve good grades can result in a battle for self-esteem. Hefferin (1982) adds that younger students often develop intimate psychosocial relationships at this time in their lives. Older students, however, also have stressors unique to their age group. Nunnery (1997) states that older students sometimes believe that they do not fit in. In some cases, these students are more prone to test and computer anxiety. Green (1987) states that older students will have to deal with more decisions about career commitment, alterations in family relationships and planning for financial security. They often have more roles that compete for their time and energy. Many nursing programs expect older students to have more life experiences, and therefore, deal more effectively with stress. Pagana (1988) found that they have significantly less fear of making a mistake and indicate they are less stressed by interactions with faculty. Beck (1995), however, states that these students may have more outside responsibilities. Therefore, it is important to include an individuals age as a possible extraneous variable.

Life Hardships Make You Stronger free essay sample

Life Hardships Makes Us Stronger What doesn’t kill you makes you stronger So why when faced against adversity we try to find easy way out When obstcales trials amp; tribulations are faced among us we should be praising God cause we might be facing something now but on the other side it will be brighter amp; greater You see everybody struggles from time to time you see we all come to a point in our life when we get down amp; think that its all over but its about having the will power to overcome what man has put infront of us an say that I am a overcomer by the power of god amp; I can do all things through Christ who strengthened me) But it is after we endure so much during our hardtime that we come out stronger and better as a person You see life is going to throw us all kinds of twist amp; turns We have no right to ask when sorrow comes, Why did this happen to me? unless we ask the same question for every moment of happiness that comes our way. We will write a custom essay sample on Life Hardships Make You Stronger or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page If you dont like something change it; if you cant change it, change the way you think about it. When life gives you a hundred reasons to cry, show life that you have a thousand reasons to smile. You see god brings us into deep waters not to drown us but to cleanse us You see each difficult time in life has a moment to open your eyes and mind to something far greater As we strive to make it through difficult times, hearing the wisdom of those who have struggled, questioned and dreamed before us can make the journey easier. Strength does not come from winning. Your struggles develop your strengths. When you go through hardships and decide not to surrender, that is strength. † Lifes up and downs provide windows of opportunity to determine your values and goals. Think of using all obstacles as stepping stones to build the life you want.

The Light of Liturgy essays

The Light of Liturgy essays In the reading of Exposition of the Ancient Gallican Liturgy, St. Germanus explains the Gallican Mass. One main idea that is clear is during the liturgy music is used at certain points and that the music has certain meanings and structures. The Gallican Mass is made up of different sections. There are two main sections: Fore-mass and the Eucharist. The Fore-mass is broken down into the Preface, Kyrie and Gloria, Readings, Silence, the Aius, Prophecy, the Prophet and the Apostle, the Hymn, Gospel. The Eucharist consists of the Homilies, Prayer, Catechumens, Sonum, Lords Prayer and the Blessing. In this paper only the Fore-mass will be discussed with example of music structure. The description from the Exposition of the Ancient Gallican Liturgy mainly is a description of a mass service which would have place during the eight century A.D. Just to give a quick history of the meaning of liturgy. The word liturgy comes from the Greek word leitourgia, which means public work. This is so because the liturgy is perceived to be when a group of people gather around an altar and prepare for the sacrifice of the Lamb of God. For such an event to take place there would be need for a very structured ritual. Hence we have a liturgy. The Gallican mass began by a Preference. The basic introduction began by opening with a hymn of the Lords death (p. 165). The meaning toward the song is about the Lords death. This song may be used to help the congregation in preserving life and eternal peace as well as rooting out evil. The sung portion of the introduction has two chanting styles. Using the example on page 8 in the NAWM, the first way is used to sing the psalm. The melody has basically the same pitch. Style two has more notes which mean its the antiphon or the music that precedes the psalm. The Readings follow the Preference, but first there is an antiphon that beings the section of the Reading,...

Computer Fraud Tools Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Computer Fraud Tools - Essay Example This software works best in machines that contain 64MB or more of system memory, with a processor of Pentium II 400 MHz core or a more advanced processor than this, and lastly it can work in Vista, Windows 7, and XP, 98, 2000, 2002, and 2003 (Sammons, 2012). This program has the following features: deleted files recovery, missing folders and files recovery, live updates are available for the program, full support for long string variables and names, and it fully supports SCSI, EIDE, IDE, and PAN, SATA, ZIP drives (Mary-Jo Kranacher, Richard Riley, Joseph T. Wells ,2010). It is used to recover files deleted from NTFS and FAT based operating systems. This program cost about $29, and can be accessed online with a full license or bought from different outlets worldwide. Disk doctors undelete (Mary-Jo Kranacher, Richard Riley, Joseph T. Wells, 2010) This program can recover deleted files on SATA, IDE, ATA, SCSI hard disk drives, memory sticks, SD cards, USB hard drives, and external Zip d rives. It supports recovery in the FAT32, FAT, FAT16, NTFS5 and the normal NTFS file systems in the following operating systems: XP, 2003 and 2000, Windows VISTA (Sammons, 2012). It recovers files that are accidentally deleted on a window running operating system. This software costs $49.00 USD. Tools that can be used to collect digital evidence from a cell phone are softwares, which use forensic abilities, to recover data that is not currently in the phone. These programs include; Cell phone and data mining (Androulidakis, 2012) This tool involves evidence from cellular devices playing a critical role in the component of data mining. This ability is often overlooked in the use of digital evidence (Androulidakis, 2012). This tool involves the export of information from various digital devices like the cell phones. For cell phones, you export the call logs, stored files from the phone and possibly the net visited sites if it is web enabled. After exporting, then the data is imported into an analytical software package, whereby the experts and investigators using the data mining techniques can visualize and diagram a timeline of events or a criminal enterprise. To understand the complex relationships of the timeline of events and criminal enterprise, the graphical representation would do a lot better for investigators and the jury in the courtroom presentation on a criminal investigation.an example of the is the AFLOGICAL 1.4 investigation tool (Androulidakis, 2012). This tool tested personal Information Management data was attempted including access to the multimedia messaging services, and it runs on Mac OS X 10.5.4. It is quite an expensive tool. Camera (Androulidakis, 2012) A cell phone camera can be used as a forensic tool to collect digital evidences (Androulidakis, 2012). A camera takes photos and subsequently stores them in memory in the phone or an external storage device. These tools are fairly cheap and must be attached to the phone and connected to t he phone system. So it must be compatible with the cell device that it is to be installed. Cell phone analysis tools These are tools that are used to read a SIM card. A SIM (subscriber identity module) accommodates text messages, recently dialed